| OpenAI Sora 2 | A short prose scene, then labeled Cinematography, Actions, Dialogue and Background sound blocks. | Yes, generated with the video | None; describe positives | One camera move and one clear action per shot. Shorter clips follow the prompt more closely. Set length and size in the app, because the prompt cannot change them. |
| Google Veo 3 | One descriptive paragraph: shot and camera, subject, action, setting, lighting and style, then dialogue in quotes and sound cues. | Yes, generated with the video | Separate field | Put spoken lines in quotes after the speaker. In the negative prompt, list what to leave out as plain nouns ('text, watermark'), not 'no text'. |
| Runway Gen-4 | Camera move first, then the scene and the motion, in plain direct sentences. | Silent in most versions | None; describe positives | Describe motion, not the look of a still image (the reference image covers that). Avoid negative phrasing: it can add the thing you named. |
| Kling | Subject and details, movement, scene, then camera language, lighting and atmosphere. | Silent in most versions | Separate field | Name the subject's motion with a strong verb and keep one main subject. Use the separate negative prompt box for artifacts. |
| Luma Dream Machine (Ray) | Natural, conversational sentences that say what happens and how the camera moves. | Silent in most versions | None; describe positives | Write it like you are describing the shot to a camera operator. Add a camera move in plain words, such as 'the camera slowly pushes in'. |
| Pika | One short line: subject, action, setting, camera and style. | Silent in most versions | Separate field | Keep it short and visual. Put artifacts you want to avoid in the negative prompt field. |